Nature or Nurture Controversy Free Essays

Developmental psychologists tell us that development is caused by two very extensive intermingling factors: heredity or nature, and environment or nurture. Often determining the demarcation line between these two factors, which directly or indirectly influences our biological and psychological constitution, is not an easy task. Nature speaks of the transmission of traits from parents to offspring through the genes which is universally known as heredity. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature or Nurture Controversy or any similar topic only for you Order Now This biological transmission of traits from one generation to another plays an important role in the determination of traits that are considered human and nonhuman. The biological structures, people inherit, at the same time, make people’s behavior possible. It is also these biological structures that limit human behavior (Hurlock, 1964). On the other hand, environment embraces all the influences that affect or shape man. The other process of development that occurs through the medium of the environment is called learning. There are more social or behavior scientists today who stand on the position that they adhere strictly neither to the nature nor to the nurture side. They are persuaded or tend to lean on an integrated or multi-dimensional approach. However, there have been specific areas in the study of human behavior that are being challenged on a continuous basis, and this includes subjects that aid to either the heredity or environment positions (Morris Maisto, 1999). This short study attempts to provide evidences to the scientific inquiry that nurture influences early human development. It seeks to look into explicit observations already made, i.e., studies done that investigated the issue of nature and nurture. Discussion In general, it can be argued that all behavior reflects the influence of both nature and nurture. All organisms acquire or inherit a range of structures that set the stage for certain behaviors. Yet environmental influence such as nutrition and learning also help decide whether or not genetically possible behaviors will be displayed. The genius of such creative writers as C.S. Lewis or Stephen King may never appear should they have been reared in less fortunate circumstances without the privilege or opportunity of even writing and reading. Nurture especially during the early stages in the life span influences some of the arenas of human existence. The best illustration to this is in the aspect of intelligence. Many studies have been conducted to emphasize the role of environment and this is illustrated in the areas of research where scientists try to manipulate the initial milieu around which many young children are in jeopardy of developing poor intellectual functioning. These researches actually put stress or accentuate the preventive aspect instead of addressing the interventions that may be applied later on. A lot of families from below the poverty line reasonably, are not able to afford their children a cognitively motivating atmosphere. For this reason, majority of these children are even expected to perform below their capacity. It is arguably to the side of nurture in instances that intellectual functioning is compromised when the environment component is not maximized. Hence the reason that some of the government’s popular programs to address the problem are in place. They include such services as Head Start, which are confirmed effective strategies in developing the child’s intellectual capability (Ramey, 1989 in Halonen and Santrock, 1996, p. 280). Despite some of the controversies that surround the efficacy of the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act† spearheaded by President George W. Bush, the rationale following this public policy is the fact that children coming from inner cities and minority groups will be provided ample opportunities for cognitive development via government funding. Schools that do not perform at par with â€Å"productive ones† will be evaluated and funding consequently is affected. This raises up the standard of the schools especially their teachers. Whether this is fail-safe or not, is not the question here. However, this is a clear illustration that without any environmental intervention, children left to themselves may not develop competence or achieve their potential. Another evidence that point to the effect of environment on human development especially during the early years is based on observations or studies on parental abuse of children. According to research, the growth and development of a child is modified incessantly by the influences in the environment. The fact that maltreatment by parents over their children account for the vast differences of performance of school age children and many of the resulting disorders or maladjustment problems that are frequent problems encountered by educators, substantiates the claims of nurture or environmental influence (www.ipce.info/library_3/files/glaser/glaser_2.htm). Early childhood environment impacts the child’s cognitive ability is also shown in a study on the effects of nutrition in infancy and later cognition. Nutrients as provided by formula or any other supplement affect brain development significantly.   The study supports the hypothesis that optimum nutrition in infancy â€Å"has significant consequences for cognitive development (Lucas, 1998). Conclusion Nurture is perhaps the strongest alibi any person attributes to whenever things turn out not as good as they want them to be. We often make justifications why we tend to be mediocre; â€Å"because my parents did not try their very best to train me and provide for all that I need,† is our typical rejoinder. To what extent is this true, and where does the line end when it comes to personal responsibility, genetic predispositions, or the responsibility and accountability of people who exert immense influence on us? The argument postulated in this paper is not so much as â€Å"drawing the line† in as much as it has evidently proven the great impact of nurture on personality and/or human development in general. This paper pointed out exactly, that many of individual decisions and government policies are responses to the effects of environment to early human development, thus proving the hypothesis correct. Parental abuse and neglect have been issues in learning because these are factors that are vital to the child’s overall performance and normal functioning as they operate as kids and later as adults in the real world. This is also true with nutritional status of children in their growing years. Several studies have proven the effects of these factors that they are consciously observed among the educated parents; as much as possible, many actively pursue in avoiding the drastic effects of either deficiency. Indeed, the environmental changes that are constantly influencing children in their early stages are established in the scientific disciplines; this despite the many arguments to the contrary. Reference: 1. Environmental influences on brain development. Accessed    August 11, 2007. 2. Hilgard, ER, RR Atkinson, and RC Atkinson, 1983. Introduction to Psychology. 7th ed., New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanich, Inc. 3. Hurlock, E.B, 1964. Child development. New York: McGraw-Hill    Book Company, Inc. 4. Lucas, A., 1998. â€Å"Randomised trial of early diet in preterm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   babies and later intelligence quotient.† British Medical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Journal, British Medical group. Accessed August 12, 2007 5. Morris, Charles G. Albert Maisto, 1999. Understanding   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychology. 4th ed. Prentice Hall, Inc. P. 73. 6. Ramey as cited from Halonen, Jane S., and John Santrock.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychology: Contexts of   Ã‚  Ã‚   behavior. 1996. Brown Benchmark,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   USA, p. 280.       How to cite Nature or Nurture Controversy, Essay examples

Death Penalty, a Deterrent to Criminals free essay sample

Death Penalty, a Deterrent to Criminals BY CHINOOKI My views on the death penalty Sociology August 30, 2010 Does the death penalty really serve as a deterrent to criminals? In my opinion No it does not. If someone is going to commit a crime they usually do not think far enough ahead to think what the punishment might be if they get caught. The death penalty information center took a survey of the former and present presidents of the countrys top academic criminological societies, 88% of these experts rejected the otion that the death penalty acted as a deterrent (death penalty information center, In my personal opinion on the death penalty is that of support for it. Aug. 30,2010) I believe that if you commit a crime you should have to pay for that crime. Whether it is with time and restitution for smaller crimes or it is death for more serious thought crimes. I do feel that if someone commits murder or rape shouldnt be allowed to ever have a chance to do any of those crimes again. We will write a custom essay sample on Death Penalty, a Deterrent to Criminals or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I know people say well if they get life in prison they will not be able to commit these crimes again. My response is what if they escape and come to your house while they are dodging the law, rape and kill your family would you still want them locked up for life? I wouldnt I do not believe that your age should have anything to do with you receiving the death penalty, as long as you can discern right from wrong and be at least 12 years of age or older. If you are 12 years old or older and you commit a serious enough crime I think you should also be sentenced to death. I think if our country supported something like this it would deter younger people from committing such serious rimes. Anything younger than that is considered a child in my opinion. Currently today in the United States the laws vary from state to state on the age limits ranging from 16 in some states to 18 in most states, before someone can be considered for the death penalty for crimes they have committed. Setting examples of young murders would help deter other kids from thinking they are Juveniles and that they will only serve a very minimal time for their crimes. Another reason that the death penalty is best for Juveniles who murder is the chance of parole.

Selected book Review Essay Example

Selected book Review Paper Essay on Selected book Why is it when you have all that is necessary to itself, and all the spoil You live normally, so no I want new thrills and without in any way? !!! Zoey Redbird -zhivet currently clover in the House of Night for several months, meeting with the coolest guy in school -Eric, zapechetlena with her ex Heath, so also vampire teacher ADULT Lauren under bokom- bad so But here that -That is clearly not the case and besides, there is a desire to save his undead friend Stevie Ray High priestess Neferet does not leave her in pokoe- not how many at once all well, Zoe and tries to understand? do you think she got it Certainly not .. Lets start with perhaps Lauren the main cause of all her problems, why, etc. Bloem, because it is because of him she tore Imprinting with Heath and left her boy-handsome Eric and this Priplyusuet that she stood in front of the charm of Lorena and gave him her innocence, and for what? .For then catch your favorite in the open arms and the other one is Neferet it was the last straw in the welfare of Zoe . learning everything about Lauren and her friends Stevie Ray otvarachivayutsya from it . and I forgot mentioning it Neferet rigged to Stevie Rae being undead penetrated the protected area shkoly..a why protection hydrochloric because people showed up killing teacher night at home and this was it WAR . so here I digress as soon as all the friends Zoe learn about her betrayal they otvarachivayutsya from it, but what about Zoe go your way and come to terms with the idea that it will be one in the near future time- . well, more precisely with Niall) We will write a custom essay sample on Selected book Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Selected book Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Selected book Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The book is very much .. very straight so I advise you not to come off not for a minute)

RELATIONSHIP OF VALUE OF HOME PRICE OVER A PERIOD OF TIME COURSEWORK

RELATIONSHIP OF VALUE OF HOME PRICE OVER A PERIOD OF TIME COURSEWORK RELATIONSHIP OF VALUE OF HOME PRICE OVER A PERIOD OF TIME COURSEWORK: When one may be considering to, buy or purchase a home, he or, she may be concerned or interested in knowing whether home prices may be poised to fall or rise. We may see that no one may want to purchase or buy a home which later might plummet in value. This may lead one to insist on buying a house or a home before prices may go upward. It may not be easy to predict what might happen with real estate prices in a city, country or state over a period of time. Therefore, from this one may come to the conclusion that the vitality of an area and economic health may drive the prices and demand for homes in that area. Also, when there may be an increase in jobs, which may pay well, this may in the end increase the demand for housing thus; an increase in price. When one may be deciding on whether to buy a home or not, he or she may have to consider some of the following how long they might be in that particular area for instance a period of five to ten years or more. Another factor to consider may be whether the current home prices in one’s local area may offer good value. Also, other factors may include the state of the job market, the number of home listings that may be for sale in the area and the level of real estate prices as compared to rent. This may help one to know whether the current home prices may be relatively high compared to the rental cost and he or, she may be able to make a choice on whether to rent or purchase a home. In addition to this, buying a home may be a long-term financial commitment whereby, one may be required to take a 15-30 years mortgage so as they may finance the purchase depending on their income. Normal value may be defined as the price that may be changed by a firm in its home market value. Trade m ay not be considered ordinary over an extended period of time (Hoekman, Mattoo, and English, 200-203). Data collection may be relatively straight forward and may rely on secondary information. Data collection may be a critical step in problem solving whereby, without good data one may be in the end guessing solutions to problems. The gathering and collecting of data may help in some of the following ways data may help one to clarify a problem or to know what might be happening in a situation, it may help one to separate what they may think to what might actually happen, it may help one to understand how, what they might measure might relate to the problem they might want to solve or, come up with solutions and it may provide a baseline on how to measure improvement from a previous perspective to a new one. Data collection or gathering may be done in some of the following ways these may be questionnaires, through observation, interviews and reading from other primary sources. One may collect data after identifying a problem and may want to understand more about it and find or come up w ith solutions to it (Joiner associates, 4-7). To help in better understanding of the relationship of home price value over a period of time, the following data may have been collected over a ten year period from 2000 to 2010. In the year 2000 the price of purchasing or buying a home may have ranged between 30000 and 40000.Over the years, depending on some of the following factors economic influences, personal influences, neighborhood influences and government set policies, the prices may have risen, stayed stagnant or dropped. Scatter plots may be similar to line plots but, in a scatter plot one may not connect or join the points. One may be able to display the points without any interpolation or they may add a regression line that might show the relationship between two columns. One may produce a scatter plot with a regression line by may be using regression analysis. A scatter plot may be said to be a graph whereby, each of the plotted point may represent an observed pair of values for the independent and dependent variables. The value of the independent variable x, which in this case may be the years, may be plotted with respect to the horizontal axis. The value of the dependent variable y, which in this case may be the amount, may be plotted with respect to the vertical axis. The form of relationship that may be represented by the scatter plot may be curvilinear rather than linear. Based on the data that may be collected above, one may come up with a scatter plot as shown in the figure 1.1 below. The purpose or use of the least squares analysis that may be how the regression equation may be used may influence or have an impact on the manner in which the model may be constructed. The potential uses of the regression equation may include some of the following providing a good description of the behavior of the response variable, prediction of future responses and estimation, estimation of mean responses, extrapolation or, prediction of responses that may be outside the range of the data, estimation of parameters, control of the process by varying levels of input and developing realistic models of the process. Regression equations with fewer variables may have the appeal of simplicity. In addition to this, it may also have an economic advantage in terms of may be obtaining the necessary information to the use of the equations. Also, there may be a theoretical advantage of eliminating irrelevant variables and, even variables that may contain predictive information about the response variable. Least square regression results may reflect the correlation structure of the data that may be analyzed. The term linear may indicate that the regression equation may be a linear equation. A linear equation may describe how independent variables may combine to define the single dependent variable. When the regression equation may have two independent variables, it may define a plane. Linear regression may be a technique that may use data to produce an equation for a straight line (Gravetter and Wallnau, 570-573). Using the data that may be collected above, one may come up with the regression equation that y= a+bx, whereby y may be the dependant variable, b the slope of the gradient and x the independent variable. The analysis of variance methodology may be concerned with the investigation of factors that may contribute significant effects through suitable choice of experiments. It may be a technique through which variations associated with different factors or defined sources may be estimated or isolated. The procedure may involve the division of the total observed variation in the data into individual components attributable to various factors and, those because of random or, chance fluctuation and performing tests of significance to determine which factors may influence the experiment (Hardeo and Ageel, 1-3). The best way that may be used to truly represent ones set of data by using the regression equation, may be through the determination of the correlation coefficient as compared to other methods. The correlation coefficient may be represented by the letter r. It may measure the direction and strength of a linear relationship between two variables. The formulae of the correlation coefficient may be given as r= n∑xy-(∑x) (∑y) divide by √x (∑x2)-(∑x) 2√y (∑y2)-(∑y) 2. From this, after computing one may either get a positive 1 or a negative 1. The positive value may indicate a relationship between the y and x variables which may show that as the values of x increase so do the values of y. In the case whereby, one may get a negative value, it may indicate a relationship between x and y in the sense that when x may increase, y may decrease. In addition to this a value near to zero may mean that there might be a random, non-linear relationsh ip between the two variables. A perfect correlation of a  ± 1 may occur only when the data points may all lie exactly on a straight line. A correlation that may be greater than 0.8 may be said to be strong correlation whereas, a correlation that might be less than 0.5 may be said to be a weak correlation. Conclusion In conclusion I believe that when one might collect or gather data from different sources, he or, she might be able to get ways or solution of dealing with problems that may be at hand. The regression equation, the analysis of variance and the correlation coefficient may help one to determine the relationship of two variables.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework - Assignment Example The article is an epitome of how theoretical framework supports conceptual framework when conducting a qualitative research. The author uses conceptual framework to explore and exhibit the correlation between variables in his study. This is particularly evident in his ethnographic approach in conducting the qualitative analysis. The author’s choice for conceptual framework for the study was particularly appropriate because it provides the means to explore specific relationship between study variables. The conceptual framework enables the author of the article to develop a crucial concept that allows him to incorporate essentials fields in his study. Employee involvement is one of the major success or failure determinants in any organization, public or private (Berman et al., 2009).The success of public offices revolves around the empowerment of employees and how well this power is oriented towards attaining the goals and objectives of the organization. Employee involvement ref ers to the process of authorizing employees to participate actively in the decision-making process of the organization and improving organizational processes within their scope (Bolden, Gosling, Marturano & Dennison, 2003). Employee involvement greatly influence hiring and promotion process in Public Agencies by ensuring that the agencies only employ people who are fit to hold vacant position. Employees can be used as referrals during recruitment

Loop Diagrams Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Loop Diagrams - Article Example This is to mean, if there is a decrease in the node where the link starts, the other node decreases as well. Similarly if there is an increase in the node where the link starts, the other node increases as well. A negative causal link shows the two nodes changing towards opposite directions (Richardson 1986). This is to mean, the increase of the node in which the link starts decreases the other node and the decrease of the node in which the link starts increases the other node. This diagram has two feedback loops. R represents the positive reinforcement loop. It indicates that the word of mouth is one of the factors that have been used to reinforce the price of the Nokia mobile phone. The more praises the Nokia mobile phone receives from its customers; the higher the demand of the product regardless of its price. The more people refer to the mobile phone and demonstrate its effectiveness, the positive feedback tend to generate growing sales of the mobile phone (Sterman 2000). The next feedback loop B, which is on the left is negative reinforcement. It can also be referred to as balancing. It is obvious that the Nokia mobile phone will not be praised forever. Once customers get used to the Nokia mobile phone, they will look for newer different products. At this point, the growth of the product is likely to decline. The manufacturers of this particular mobile phone brand will have to lower its price so as to continue selling the phone (Sterman 2000). Feedbac k loops act concurrently, but at some point they portray different strengths. Thus, the price of mobile phone is likely to remain high in the initial years and decline in the later years when people get used to it. The causal loop diagram above is a good example of a reinforcement loop; it is referred to as reinforcement loop because the feedback increases the effect of change (Sterman 2000). As more investment is imposed on the Nokia mobile phone, the manufacturer can regulate

Using Nursing Informatics in Clinical Area Research Paper

Using Nursing Informatics in Clinical Area - Research Paper Example This essay approves that the clinical decision support system is a computerized application that offers immediate benefits for nurses. This represents the role informatics can play in ensuring higher levels of patient safety. Patient safety can further be improved in hospital settings where nurses do not use technological tools to aid them in their work. This can be done by introducing and encouraging the usage of technology and training nurses in using it effectively so that they can improve their performance and directly improve the level of patient safety that they provide. This report makes a conclusion that , NI has started to gain significance in field of heath care. The greater use of technology closes the loop between evidence and practice, and helps in generating an effective cycle of evidence-based learning in nurses. It can play an effective role is streamlining documentation. Organized records and easy access to them can save up time and allow nurses to communicate about them better. Informatics facilitates the decision-making process by nurses, and enables them to access medical literature easily and in less time. Documentation in computerized form can also reduce the occurrence of errors, and promote to patient safety. However, one of the main obstructions to the effective usage of technology in health care is problem of ease due to insufficient use of devices. This can be managed by increasing computer literacy in the nurses so that they can seek collective wisdom of inter-disciplinary and inter-organizational collaboration to transform clin ical education, practice and rese.